STRUCTURE OF A COMPUTER

Computers, mainly known as computers, are able to receive data as input, process this data (processing) and provide output results (output).
The English term 'computer' can be rendered as 'calculator'. In fact, all information processed by a computer, whether textual, mathematical, acoustic or graphical, is processed by computers in the form of numerical operations.
All the physical components of a computer, such as keyboards, monitors, mice, printers, central processing units (CPUs) and memories, are known as hardware.
The central processing unit, known as the CPU or microprocessor, is the component of the computer dedicated to the actual processing of data. It consists of electronic circuits that can execute instructions given by computer users through the mediation of specific computer programmes, also known as software.
A CPU usually consists of two sub-units. These are the logic-arithmetic unit (ALU), with logic-mathematical tasks, and the control unit (CU), which retrieves the instructions to be executed from memory.
The operation of computers is based on binary arithmetic, of which there are only two digits: 0 and 1. In computer science, these values are called 'bits' and, by means of them, it is possible to represent any number.
Most common computers, such as Personal Computers (PCs), are based on the so-called 'Von Neumann' architecture model.
In addition to the CPU, in a computer with Von Neumann architecture, there is also the central memory, such as RAM, ROM and cache memories, the peripherals, also called input/output devices, and the system BUS, through which information can be transferred within the computer.