ENGINE SYSTEM

In order to function properly, an internal combustion engine requires a number of apparatuses and control elements, regardless of whether such an engine is
- in-line: the axes of the cylinders are parallel and lie on the same half-plane passing through the shaft;
- boxer: the axles of the cylinders are contained on two half-planes passing through the crankshaft and forming a flat angle between them;
- V-shaped: when the axles are contained in two half-planes passing through the crankshaft that do not form a flat angle;
- star-shaped: when all the axes lie in a plane orthogonal to the drive shaft.
Such apparatuses are those of:
- Starter: usually consisting of an electric motor powered by the battery and with the task of driving the crankshaft until it rotates at a speed sufficient to sustain the rotation of the crankshaft itself independently.
- Ignition: Consisting of spark plugs, which, thanks to the high potential difference between their electrodes, trigger sparks at the desired time to activate the combustion of the mixture.
- Fuel supply: Consisting of carburettors or electronic injection systems, it supplies the engine with the mixture at the time, in the quantity and in the manner required. This apparatus is also known as carburetting.
- Distribution: makes it possible to open and close the valves at the appropriate time, so as to renew the active fluid at the desired time.
- Lubrication: allows the lubricant to be filtered and brought to the points where lubrication of the mechanical parts is required.
- Refrigeration: allows the combustion chamber to be cooled by circulating the coolant inside cavities in the cylinder block, so as to prevent the engine from overheating.